COURSE 1.2: Survey and digital modelling (6 ECTS)
Models in Architecture. Development of Models.
During the design process in the era prior to the architectural graphic representation defined in the Renaissance, the function of the model was ambiguous, both serving as a test bench where the still "non-architect", in the Renaissance meaning of it, simulated the behavior of the proposals, how it functioned as a showroom, where the potential promoter could visit a scale model of the project in a similar way to how a tour through an architectural space is carried out today using immersive virtual reality. The use of the model constituted the global design instrument, prior to the use of the layout and the definition of the architectural element.
The model currently maintains all its validity. Expanding the physical attribute of the traditional model, by transferring its existence to the digital space, it multiplies the possibilities not only in terms of the capacity for simulation and analysis of practically any aspect related to physical behavior, (Addis, 2021) but also in the still not determined boundaries of the possibilities that appear through the use of digital graphic systems, improving the representative component of the model.
Unlike the classical model, the model in the broadest sense, as we understand it today, incorporates virtual space as a means of definition from a more global point of view. We speak about virtual space and not digital model, understanding that digitization is prior to the appearance of computer tools. (Carpo, 2011) In this sense, we can understand digitization as a more reliable means of encoding and transmitting information than writing or drawing.
The use of the computer and the diffusion of digital/virtual processes extend its possibilities through the most powerful tool that we currently have for handling physical models, that is, digital manufacturing. Through computer-controlled digital tools we can return to the physical model directly, completing the design and manufacturing process in a some kind of return to the pre-Renaissance, pre-Albertian architectural space, where the model drew a complex reality about the architectural process of design. The combination of software and hardware digital tools have thus meant both a synthesis and a true revolution in the classical concept of the model, allowing virtual and physical models to be handled with almost the same ease, producing multiple approximations and variations of the same element.
The course will turn around the construction of an integral model of an architectural element (see the "Dossiers for Block 1" page) . We understand the model as a compendium of information obtained from the reference object, built in a digital environment that brings together complete data about it and that can be physically replicated using digital manufacturing tools by using the data contained into the digital model. The development will be structured through 3 workshops given by experts in each specific field of knowledge. In these workshops, students will take direct contact with the different phases of the process applied to a real controlled example. The objective is that this process can be extrapolated to the different case studies that students may face during the Master.
Calendar:
30/10/2023 to 24/11/2023
Teachers:
Coordinator: Francisco González Quintial, 1 ECTS. Filiberto Chiabrando, 2 ECTS. Íñigo León Cascante, 2 ECTS. Vytautas Bocullo, 1 ECTS
Syllabus:
1. Survey of Data
Collection of analogue information.
Digital information gathering.
Non-invasive data collection and high-precision architectural survey.(Laser Scanner and/or Photogrammetry)
2. Processing of Data and Modelling
Modeling and data processing tools (CAD, parametric tools)
Generation of virtual 3D Information Models Integration in BIM Environments. (organization of the information available on each element analyzed)
3. Rapid Prototyping and Digital Modelling
Digital Fabrication Tools. Additive and Subtractive Processes.
WORKSHOP I: Scanner/Photogrametry
WORKSHOP II: Proccessing of Data. BIM Environment
WORKSHOP III: Prototyping and phisycal modelling
4.- 23/11/2023 Visit: A real model, the "DigiLab" building prototype (2 hours). Displacement to Bilbao, TECNALIA Innovation Center
Evaluation and Resit rules:
All the courses/subjects and Master Dissertation have jointly evaluation rules based in the quality of the practical works proposed by the teachers. The student and teachers presence is mandatory. Related with the courses/subjects all the teachers involved in them have to send to the coordinator teacher the individual evaluation of the students
The evaluation level (excellent, good and deficient) will be taken by the coordinator following the opinions of the teachers involved and in agreement with them. The evaluation level will be discussed with the student. If a student fail a course (deficient level), at least one resit per course/subject within the period Block will be allowed. This resit will take into account the new data and solutions reported by the student. The resit evaluation process will be similar to the initial one.
Students with a deficient level after resitting a course/subject will be remain bound to the EMJMD until ends of the respective Block where the course is allocated. In these cases, the Academic Committee will review the study performance status of the student and advises on continuation of the programme in accordance with their regulations. Students with very weak study performance (decided by the Academic Committee) may lose their scholarship or may be advised to end their study. Students who quite ARURCOHE early, but have successfully completed several courses/subjects, will get a certificate stating the courses for which they have earned credits (in ECTS). This decision will be communicated to the Erasmus+ Program office.
Bibliography
ADDIS, W.1., 2021. Phisical models: their historical and current use in civil and building engineering design. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn.
Burry M., and Burry, J. 2016 Prototyping for Architects, Thames & Hudson
GENTIL BALDRICH, J.M. and INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE CIENCIAS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN (SEVILLA), 1998. Traza y modelo en el renacimiento. Sevilla: Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Construción.
MILLON, H.A. and MILLON, H.A., 1994. Italian Renaissance architecture: from Brunelleschi to Michelangelo. London: Thames and Hudson.
ÚBEDA BLANCO, M. and ÚBEDA BLANCO, M., 2005. El lenguaje del arquitecto : Desarrollo histórico e interpretativo de la representación arquitectónica : significado y uso de la maqueta a lo largo de la historia. Dialéctica "Maqueta-dibujo", de los orígenes a la modernidad. Valladolid: Colegio Oficial Arquitectos de Castila y León Este.
POTTMANN, Helmut. A. Asperl, M. Hofer, A. Kilian. ARCHITECTURAL GEOMETRY. Bentley I. Press. Exton, 2007
TERZIDIS, Kostas. ALGORITHMIC ARCHITECTURE. Architectural Press, London, 2006
KOLAREVIC, Branko. ARCHITECTURE IN THE DIGITAL AGE. DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING. Spoon Press. NEW YORK, 2003
CARPO, Mario. The Alphabet and the Algorithm. MIT Press, Cambridge, 2011
CARPO, Mario. The Second Digital Turn. MIT Press, Cambridge, 2017
WOODBURY, Robert. ELEMENTS OF PARAMETRIC DESIGN. Routledge. New York, 2010
DOLLENS, Denis. DE LO DIGITAL A LO ANALÓGICO. Gustavo Gili. Barcelona 2002.
GONZALEZ QUINTIAL, Francisco. METODO DE ADAPTACION DE FORMAS DE DOBLE CURVATURA MEDIANTE SUPERFICIES DESARROLLABLES Tesis Doctoral.
González Quintial, F. y Martín Pastor, A. (2021). Structural Models based on Minimal Surfaces and Geodesics. Nexus Network Journal, 23 (4), 977-993.
SHELDEN, Dennis. DIGITAL SURFACE REPRESENTATION AND THE CONSTRUCTIBILITY OF GEHRY'S ARCHITECTURE. Thesis Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture.
VELTKAMP, Martin. FREE FORM STRUCTURAL DESIGN. IOS Press BV. Amsterdam 2007
Milena Stavric, Predrag Sidanin, Bojan Tepavcevic. ARCHITECTURAL SCALE MODELS IN THE DIGITAL AGE.
DUNN, Nick.DIGITAL FABRICATION IN ARCHITECTURE. Laurence King Publishing. London, 2012.
IWAMOTO, Lisa. DIGITAL FABRICATIONS. Architectural and Material Techniques. Princeton Architectural Press. London, 2009
BEORKREM, Kristopher. MATERIAL STRATEGIES IN DIGITAL FABRICATION. Routledge. New york, 2013
General Links:
Rhinoceros. NURBs modelling for Windows https://www.es.rhino3d.com/
Grasshopper. Generative modeling for Rhino https://www.grasshopper3d.com/
KHABAZI, Zubin. Generative Algorithms.https://www.grasshopper3d.com/page/tutorials-1
PAYNE, Andy. Grasshopper. PRIMER.https://www.liftarchitects.com/downloads/
ISSA, Rajaa. ESSENTIAL MATHEMATICS for computational design.
https://www.digitaltoolbox.info/
https://livecomponents-ny.com/